Book mark



Feb. 10, 1948. c, c, HAYES 2,435,886

BOOK MARK Filed Jan. 17, 1946 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INII/ENTOR. CMZeJJQZ 0.4222

BY W MW Feb. 10, 1948. c. H. c. HAYES 2,435,886

BOOK MARK -A Filed Jan. 17, 1946 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

iatenieci Feb. 10, 1948 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Charles H. C. Hayes, North Attleboro, Mass.

Application January 17, 1946, Serial No. 641,793

My invention relates to improvements in book marks, particularly toa type of mechanical book mark which will last a long time in use, constructed of a, small number "f rigid durable parts adapted to be used in place of the string, ribbon, strip of fabric or leather formerly used by a reader in marking his place in a book.

I am-aware that others have attempted to provide various types of mechanical book marks. So far as I am aware, these have been so complicated or so difficult in their action and hard to manipulate that they have not gone into general use. I

believe I am the first to provide a. book mark of the mechanical type in which in addition to the marker member, which must be fiat to not spread the book too much when inserted between selected leave when the book is in a closed position, all of the parts adapted to remain externally of the leaves in use are preferably constructed of flat sheet metal members and which comprise broadly clasp means for securing the book mark to a back binding portion of a book having a base projecting forwardly at right angles from the outer end thereof adapted to rest on adjacent ends of bound book leaves, a flat hinge member swivelably mounted on said base, a flat end plate hingedly mounted on said hinge member to pivot outwardswell away from the leaves 'to permit them to be turned in use and a fiat marker member-swivelably mounted on the outer end of said end plate for insertion between selected leaves. I have Visualized that in order to provide a successful mechanical book mark, all

of these three relative movements are necessary in order that the marker may be moved between the leaves from cover to cover of said book and may lie between selected leaves in a plane cover parallel thereto regardless of its position in the book and that the marker and end plate may be readily and easily pivoted out of the way when not needed or as the pages are being turned, I believe I am the first therefore to provide this combination of two swivelable movements and one the two swivelable and one pivotal movements.

Further objects of my invention relate to the 9 Claims. (61. 116-119) specific construction 01' the various means I have provided for this purpose which comprise the provision with'flat members of a semi-universal joint 2 which will function through half a sphere with the braking action thereof between certain parts functioning in a horizontal plane and also between other parts functioning in a vertical plane.

These and such other objects of my invention as may hereinafter appear will be best understood from a description of the accompanying drawings whichillustrate an embodiment therewith the marker inserted in several positions in a book showing it in the center of the book in full lines and near each end of -the book in dotted lines.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the end of a book with my book mark attached showing the marker in position between the leaves in full lines and with the end plate and; marker raised to a nonreading position free of the leaves in dotted lines.

Fig, 7 is a vertical sectional view taken through a book with my improved marker inserted between adjacent leaves thereof.

In the drawings, wherein like characters of reference generally indicate like parts throughout,

l0 generally indicates a book mark constructed in accordance with m invention. As shown, my invention is adapted to be used in association with a book l2 having the usual covers l4, leaves I8 and back I 8. The leaves are made into folios and bound together as usual by the web or fabric 20 interposed between the inner ends 22 of the bound leaves and the back cover portion 24. In most bindings a space 26 is provided between the ends 22 of the leaves and the binding fabric 20 and a supplemental space 28 is provided between the binding fabric 20 and the back cover portion 24.

My invention comprisesclasp means 30 for securing said book mark toa back binding portion of the book usually the fabric portion 20. Said clasp means 30 has a fiat base32 projecting forwardly substantially at right angles from the outer end thereof, as'shown in Figs. 5 to '7 adapted to rest on adjacent endsor bound bookleaves 16.

My invention a'l'so includes a-fiat hinge member 34 swivelably mounted on said base portion 32 and a flat end plate hingedly mounted on said hinge member 32 to pivot outwards from a position substantially in the plane thereof as shown in full lines in Fig, 6 to the dotted line position shown in Fig. 6 free of said leaves l6 and a flat marker 38 swivelably mounted on the outer end of said end plate 36.

While I preferably construct the base portion 32, the hinge nie niber '34 an'd"the end plate 36 out of flat stock,it is apparent that these pieces may be of any desired shape, but in as much as the marker 38 must lie in a position between adjacent leaves l6 parallel thereto, it is always constructed of fiat shape. It is obvious that with this construction the flat marker 38 may .swivel on said end plate 36 to lie between adjacent se; lected leaves from cover to" cover of said book in a position parallel thereto, said endplate 3fi may pivot upwards to permit movement of said flat marlser 38 yeraselected number-of leaves is and-said hinge membrflina'y swivel onsaid base 32 to .p'ernii offthe fla t marker 38 betwe n selected, eaves Hi. I also provide means to brake the sw yellihg ofthe hinge member 34 on sa'idbafse'3'2fto' causesaidhinge member 34 toremar insetfposition, means to brake the' p ivotabl e are: said end plate 330m 'saidhin'g memb'rfl'to cause said end plate to remain in a set position betweenor away from the leaves and means to vlofr'allt'ei the swivelling movementof fsaidflat time; to cause it to remain in afset'position allel to any particular adjacent' e tween 'which'it 'may be i f e sewer: f Sai book- I e Prefe le.f i esime teh wn ho v I specifically construct myimproved book marker as follows: the clasp means 39 includes an 'L-shaped clasp member 4t] having a short flat a e fish ries asma b 942; he ein and a flat m; 13 met r tina subs antia y; t r ht angles i ward y t erefrom eqeptedt e er on ne de f a-ba lsbindi s Del ti n, n emodi nt sewn in me sa e. Bv we e inner ends 22 of the leaves and the binding fa r e 29 1 n? a s p emental 5917 .15 li a 44 P oj t ardl as ien ere to as the opposite side of said baolgbinding portion 16. e n j' a dfflet arm, 43; n t e mb n shew eid eels n tieeeem the m eree ie was he e ii 4 in iith ei ee la etween the biggies a ri 20 and the back coverportign 24, The spring clip 4 rst u e twa dl aeet h inwardly as a a fef elemnia numese asd a n e- Q 3 iWaFd 5 m QBW d P o ing endliil In the embodiment shown the spring arm 44 is attached to the Leshaped member 40 as follows: Said member is provided with a t ee eeese ieienr ethe bend between e 43 an ea e 32 a d the up d of a clip member '44 is provided with a fiat downwerdlv i mi t nei fi ea 1 ada d. to b serted throughsaid'slot 45 and secured to the outer surface 'of'said arm 4|} in any suitable anner Sushi as y t om 49 Shown In rtain books however thereis not space 26 between the inner ends of the leaves and the binding fabric 2|] and'in this casethe arm 43 is inserted in'the space 2 8 betweenthebinding fabric 2!] or web and thebaclgfcover portion 24 and the li em -4 is n e e e ternally of a v ri ae iee 2A s leme aid. e k. ee-ver tion 24 against said arm 43 42 swivelably? meuatinetl e an plate-36, nd

marker 38 on the base 32, I provide a dish shaped hinge member 34 having a flat indented circular center portion 52 having a small cylindrical extension 54 projecting downwardly therefrom through said hole 42 in said clasp base 32 and having its end radially outturned as at 56 to abut the lower surface thereof. It is obvious that this construction causes the indented portion 52 of said hinge member 34 to frictionally abut said base 33 tobgzake the swivellipg movement of said hinge member thereon and cause it to remain in a set position as well as swivelably mounting said hinge member 34 on said base 32. Said hinge member 34 also has an outer annular portion 58 having diametric upwardly looped hinge .ear forming porltions 68. The flat end plate 36 is provided a ,circular indented portion 62 near the outer end thereof having a central hole 6d,. therein and an extension 66 projecting inwardly from the inner end thereof of a width substantially iliqsdiarneter oflsaid indented portion storm i nfge member-3,4 .rolled over on it e i to e. e lid g h nse ar 6. The n tail thu in erted through the up i 'e eily'iiteies tins 1. 9 91 6 nd h nge a 66/80 tif t enter-sol mn exten s u h d cylindrical hinge ear .gfi' landfits lends are, inter;- posedbetweep the ear'lojopsfifn [on said hinge memberfangi said clasp me ber base .32.so that aisile l zi a: latei ea v 55 ma fri ionall-y abut 'thejindented base SZpfsald hinge member 351m), brake 'the'pivoting movement of said end plate and to causeit to remain in a set posit e s es asi he raisedl os tien h n t e lines in 6.,

Itis thus ap arent. that'thispparticular constructionjprojvides a. universal .joint of universal m ement th eueheu h l a sphere with. e bral zing 'actio' n shown on; the horizontal com-.- ponent thereof and also, on the vertical com- DonenttILQIe QI- 1 I provide a circular; washer ID having an lens te'd s ot 1'? cen al y th r resting in Said indented portion 6; inisaid end plate 36 and -I provide a iiatjbook marker 38 with a narrow por i n. '14 rrbie t na upw rdl th g a hole 64 in said circular end plate indention 5.2 and said slot 12in said Washer 10 havingits upper end 'dgwnturnedfas at Iii-asshownin 1 nd ii QY r's weiw r "L e t a a l' fla markers}; ma turn with said washer 12 to cause iiee qnor a nd h p r .1 F1 ma? 0 abQ 'the lower ,si r fe of aid.- .in e ease n, '62 to rake the swivel.- e mevele i bi aii iat ma kerea and. to s n e t re fem nine/s t o i n between the leaves.

I measl imn er jdheok ark has th clasp eert en l ili lser edit ease the nd ng abri 26 r theii aek ee ere tien e-as hown'innss- 5 "to 7. 'Tlie'reader, therivpivotsithe endplate, 36 a t j e d tei dt re en h w in..Ei .-.I 6. tr t t egleav s l6 r ndzwhe ned sire tsle re ene liq krivots'i q n mete pos on thaws u es ne '6 be weenthe a e and-i s '9 191 s t attheioi fer e rel l n moveme h .wi 'e ithe isse-m m er and base Z. 1e rm s the end pla e nd ma ker 8. to wiv l la e al a d thaieint' betw ent e ma ke i en ns il ete mi 'the ma r '3 o P o t r l y te -Permit he flatmat s ,SMQ be in serted between any. selectedleavesit from cover o, e ve'r; .5-,

1, theemtedi nent. tiewnr have shown the step. lu sflnaon .thaleweasuviace: cfzthe, indented portion 62 of said end plate 38 exterior of said hole 64 to limit the swivelling movement of said marker 38 to permit it to only swivel an amount sufllcient so that it may be inserted between any selected leaves from cover to cover [4 of the book. If desired, however, those stop lugs 80 may be omitted and the end plate 36 moved to a position substantially parallel to said arm 43 on opening of the book to cause the leaves to remain in a set position with the book open. When the user is through with the book mark In it is obvious that he may readily detach the clasp means 30 from the book.

It is apparent that I have provided a novel type of bookmark with the advantages explained above; V -It is understood that my invention is not limited to the specific embodiment shown and that various deviations therefrom may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

What-I claim is:

1. A book mark, comprising clasp means for securing said book mark to a back binding portion of a book having a fiat base portion projecting forwardly substantially at right angles from the outer end thereof adapted to rest on adjacent ends of bound book leaves, a flat hinge member swivelably mounted on said base portion, said swivelable mounting causing said hinge member to remain in a set position, a fiat end plate hingedly mounted on said hinge member to pivot outwards from a position substantially in the plane thereof abutting the ends of said bound leaves, said hinged mounting causing said end plate to remain in a set position and a flat marker swivelably mounted on said end plate, said swivelable mounting causing it to remain in a set position whereby said flat markermay swivelon said end plate to lie between adjacent selected leaves from cover to cover of said book in a position parallel thereto, said end plate may pivot upwards to permit movement of said flat marker over a selected number of leaves, and said hinge member may swivel to permit insertion of the fiat marker between selected leaves y 2. A book mark comprising clasp means for securing said book mark to a back binding portion of a book having a; flat base portion projecting forwardly substantially at right angles from the outer end thereof, a flat hinge member swivelably mounted on said base portion, said swivelable mounting causing said hinge member to remain in a set position, a flat end plate hingedly mounted on said hinge member to pivot outwards from a position substantially in the plane thereof, said hinged mounting causing said end plate to remain in a set position and a flat marker swivelably mounted on said end plate, said swivelable mounting causing it to remain in a set position.

3. A book mark comprising clasp means for securing said book mark to a back binding portion of a book having a base portion projecting forwardly substantially at right angles from the outer end thereof adapted to rest on adjacent ends of bound book leaves, a flat hinge member swivelably mounted on said base portion, a flat end plate hingedly mounted on said hinge member to pivot outwards from a position substantially in the plane thereof abutting the ends of said bound leaves, and a fiat marker swivelably mounted on said end plate whereby said flat marker may swivel on said end plate to lie between adjacent selected leaves from cover to cover of said book 6, in' a position parallel thereto, said end plate may pivot upwards to permit movement of said flat marker over a selected number of leaves, and said hinge member may swivel to Permit insertion of the flat marker between selected leaves,

4. A book mark comprising clasp means for securing said book mark to a back binding portion of a book having a base portion projecting forwardly substantially at right angles from the outer end thereofadapted to rest on adjacent ends of bound book leaves, ahinge member swivelably mounted on said base portion, an end plate hingedly mounted on said hinge member to pivot outwards from a position substantially in the plane thereof abutting the ends of said bound leaves, and a flat marker swivelably mounted on said end plate whereby said flat marker may swivel on said end plate to lie between adjacent selected leaves from cover to cover of said book in a position parallel thereto, said end plate may pivot upwards to permit movement of said flat marker over a selected number of leaves, and said hinge member may swivel to permit insertion of the flat marker between selected leaves.

5. A book mark comprising clasp means for securing said book mark to a back binding portion of a book having a fiat base portion projecting forwardly substantially at right angles from the outer end thereof, a fiat hinge member swivelably mounted on said base portion, a

fiat end plate hingedly mounted on said hinge member to pivot outwards from a position substantially in the plane thereof, and a flat marker swivelably mounted on said end plate.

"6. A book mark comprising clasp means for securing said book mark to a back binding portion of a book having a base portion projecting forwardly substantially at right angles from the outer end thereof, a hinge member swivelably mounted on said base portion, an end plate hingedly mounted on said hinged member to pivot outwards from a position substantially in the plane thereof, and a fiat marker swivelably mounted on said end plate.

'7. A book mark comprising an L-shaped clasp member having a short fiat base adapted to rest on adjacent ends of bound book leaves having a small hole therein, a fiat arm projecting substantially at right angles inwardly there-: from on one side of a back binding portion and a supplemental spring clip arm projecting inwardly adjacent thereto to clasp the opposite side of said back binding portion against said fiat arm, a flat dish shaped hinge member having a flat indented circular center portion having a small cylindrical extenson projecting downwardly therefrom through said hole in the clasp base and having its end radially outturned to abut the lower surfacethereof to swivelably mount said hinge member on said clasp base portion so that the indented portion of said hinge member may frlctionally abut said base to brake the swivelling movement of said hinge member thereon and cause it to remain in a set position, and an outer annular portion having diametric upwardly looped hinge ear forming portions, a flat end plate adapted to abut the ends of said bound leaves having a circular indented portion near the outer end thereof havinga central hole therein, and an extension projecting inwardly from the inner end thereof of a width substantially the diameter of said indented portion of the hinge member rolled over on itself into a cylindrical hinge ear, a hinge pin having its center portion extending through said cylindrical hingesean. and its: ends. interposed between the. ear Loops ion:..sai'd-.'hinge3membe12 andrsaid clasp member: baseso. that: saidicylindricat mate: ear may-drictionallyr abut the. indentedebasei of. said hinge member; to. brake theapiviotmgmoyement oii said: end; plate; and: cause it. to remain'eina set position; a. circular washer-having: ana 'elongated:- slot centra11y.- theneot. nestingc in. said i indentedr portion. in said 'end zl plate tand z a". flat marker: adapted to be; interposedbetween selec.-; tive: leaves: oi" the boolehavingi-mn arrow portionprojecting upwardly; through said hole: in: said circular end platexindentationi. and said slot: in said washenhavingx its uppfir endadownturned over said. washerso thattsaid: flat; markerr may turn with said washer: toe-. causeit top. frictionally. abut said indented portion .to& brake; the swivellingmovement ot-I said; flat. marker. and causesit'ito, remain in asset: position: between" the leaves.

' -8'. A. book marlscomprisingzan: ls-sha'ped clasp memberhaving a short fiat base having a: small hole therein, a flat armprojecting substantially at right angles inwardly-therefrom and Ya-supplemental spring clip arm projecting inwardly adjacent thereto, a-flat dish shaped hinge member having a flat indented-circular center portion having a small cylindrical extension: projecting downwardly therefrom: through said. hole in the clasp base and having its .-"'endradially outturned to abut the lower: surface thereof to swivelably mount said hinge member on said clasp base portion so thatathe indented portion of said hinge member may; frictionally abut: said base to brake the swivelling movement of said hinge member thereon. and: 'causeitto remainin a setposition, and an outer annular portion having: diametric upwardly looped hinge ear forming portions,- a flat. end pia tee-havingi emir-v cular indented portiomnearzthe onter'enld thereof having a central. hole therein, and an extension .proje'cting. inwardlyv from; the inner? end thereoi oi a'width substantiall'y theadiameteri of said indented portion of thehingemembier rolled over on itself into a cylindrical hinge ear, a hinge. pin having its center portion extending through said cylindrical" hinge ear. and: its ends interposed between the'ear loops. on said-hinge member and said clasp member base-so that said cylindricali. plate: eat: fricnenallw abut. the

ilrldent di base of; hin eimembee to: brake the pivotingmovement of. said? end, plate andcausg it'tovremain in a set position, a." circular washer. having, an'elongatedslot centrally thereof rest.- ing'in said indented portion in said endplate anda azbook marker having a narrow portion-pro,- jfictingcupwardly through said hole in said, circularrend plate indentation and said slot. in said. washer having its upp r end downturned over said; washer so that said fiat marker may turn: with said; washer: to cause it; to frictionally abut said indented portion to brake the swivel lingqmovementof said; fiat-.mark-er: and cause. it to-remain' in a setposition between the leaves:

9. A book mark comprising a clasp member having: a; short-'flat base having a small. hole therein; clasp means projecting downwardly therefrom for securing; said book mark: to. a back; binding. portion of: a book, a flat, dish shaped hinge member having a flat indented-circular center portion having a; small cylindri'cal extension: projectingdownwardly therefrom throughsaid hole in the clasp base. andhavin itsrend 'radially outturnedto abutthe lower surface thereof" to swivelably mount. said-i hinge member. on said claspbase portion so that the indentedzportion of said'hinge membermay fric tionally abut said base to brake-the swivelling movement of: said: hinge-"member thereon and cause it toiremain in a set position, and'ian' outer annular: portion having diametricupwardly looped hinge ear: forming portions, a' flat end plate: having an extension projecting.- inwardly from the inner endth'ereof of' a widthsubstan-- many the diametenof said indented portion" of thehinge member rolled overonhitselfi into a cylindrical" hinge ear; a hinge pin having'its center portion extending: through said cylindrical hinge ear and'i'tsends interposed" between: the earloops on saidhinge member and said clasp member base so that said:- cylindrical plate" ear may frictionallyabutth'e indent'edzbase of'ssaid hinge memberto brake the pivoting movement of -said" end" plate and causewit to" remainin" a. set position, a flat marker and meansetorswivels ablymount said flat marker-on theouter end of said end plate.

CHARLESH'; C. HAYES; 

